Ophthalmology

Introduction

Although routine eye matters can frequently be handled by a general veterinarian, sometimes the problems may be serious and require special attention. These include:

1. Cataracts
2. Corneal ulcer
3. Entropion
4. Glaucoma
5. Prolapsed gland of the nictitans (cherry eye)
6. Uveitis

Moreover, it is a very sensitive organ, the function of which may be affected even with mild insult to its homeostasis, due to direct injury or due to other local or systemic diseases. And because the ocular tissues are extremely sensitive, even the simple goal of ophthalmology to get the right therapeutic dose to the target ocular tissue by a method that does not damage healthy tissue becomes more challenging.

Symptoms To Watch For While Taking Care of A Pet’s Ocular Health

Squinting or holding eye(s) shut
Scratching or rubbing at eye(s)
Excessive green or yellow discharge
Swelling of the eye(s) or eyelid(s)
A change in color, especially cloudiness or redness

Signs Indicating Vision Impairment Or Loss:

In dogs:

Signs Indicating Vision Impairment Or Loss:

Steps in examination and diagnosis include:

- Vision testing: Menace response (a conditioned avoidance response response ending with a blink), cotton ball tracking, maze testing
- Gross evaluation of the head: Symmetry of the two sides of the face, comparison of palpebral fissures for their size, symmetry, position of the upper eyelid cilia and the general eyelid form, as well as characterization of any ocular discharge (serous, mucoid, mucopurulent, or serosanguinous)
- Pupillary symmetry
- Reflexes and neurological responses: Palpebral reflex, corneal reflex, dazzle reflex, and pupillary light reflex
- Palpation: Hard or soft, movable or fixed, sensitive or insensitive and orbital or extra-orbital swellings/masses
- Mouth examination
- Close gross examination: Eyelids, conjunctiva, third eyelid, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, vitreous and fundus (direct and indirect ophthalmoscopic exam), slit lamp examinations
- Special diagnostic tests if required: Schirmer tear test, culture, fluorescein, eyelid eversion, nasolacrimal flush, tonometry, conjunctival scraping, gonioscopy, ocular ultrasound, electroretinogram
At MaxVets, we have a fully equipped ophthalmology unit with all diagnostic and surgical equipment. We routinely perform corneal and intraoccular surgical procedures such conjunctival grafts and cataract phacoemulsification procedures.

Diagnostic Procedures

Scratching or rubbing at eye(s)
Excessive green or yellow discharge
Swelling of the eye(s) or eyelid(s)
A change in color, especially cloudiness or redness

Squinting or holding eye(s) shut
Scratching or rubbing at eye(s)
Excessive green or yellow discharge
Swelling of the eye(s) or eyelid(s)
A change in color, especially cloudiness or redness

Diagnostic Procedures

Eye surgeries are performed to correct debilitating diseases like glaucoma, cataracts, dry eye, and corneal ulcers.
Other procedures are also performed to achieve the following goals:
Protect corneas affected by laceration or ulceration
Remove cataracts or eyelid masses

Correct congenital eyelid abnormalities.

Surgical Procedures

Lethargy, confusion, weakness, anxiety, depressio

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