Oncology
overview
The field of oncology is dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Within clinical oncology, there are three primary disciplines:
- Medical Oncology:
- Surgical Oncology:
- Radiation Oncology:
- Diagnosis
- Staging (assessing the extent of local disease and potential spread to regional or distant areas)
- Therapeutic intervention (tailored to the tumor type, histologic grade, and stage)
- Ensuring patient and personnel safety when handling chemotherapy agents
- Referral to specialized oncology practices such as MaxVets when appropriate
- A strong emphasis on supporting both the client and the patient.
Cancer Statistics
- Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in companion animals such as dogs and cats.
- It is particularly common in animals that live 10 years or longer but can occur at any age.
- Skin tumors are one of the most frequently diagnosed type of tumor in pets (may be due to constant exposure of animal skin to the sun and the external environment and because they are easily observed from the outside). Dogs are 35 times more likely to suffer from skin cancers than humans.
At MaxVets, mast cell tumors, lymphomas, adenocarcinoma, and osteosarcomas are the most commonly encountered.
Common Cancers
In dogs:
- Anal sac carcinoma: It occurs in the anal sac and is locally aggressive, hence, excision is difficult. It progresses slowly and is difficult to observe by symptoms alone unless renal function is compromised.
- Lymphoma: It is multicentric (node, liver, and spleen) and occurs in bone, CNS (Central Nervous System), mucocutaneous tissue and skin. It is, thus, hard to treat.
- Mammary gland cancer: It occurs in one or more mammary glands and is most common type of cancer in females. Early spaying is advisable to prevent these tumors.
- Mast cell tumor: It occurs in skin and subcutaneous tissue and is locally invasive.
- Oral malignant melanoma: It occurs in the oral cavity and is more metastatic in lymph nodes than lungs.
- Osteosarcoma: It is a rare type of skeletal metastases observed in bones (proximal humerus, distal radius, distal femur, proximal and distal tibia).
- Soft tissue sarcoma: These are mesenchymal tumors occurring in skin and subcutaneous tissues. It is locally invasive.
- Splenic hemangiosarcoma: It is a highly metastatic splenic masses which cannot be definitively distinguished from HSA (Hemangiosarcoma) prior to treatment.
In cats:
- Lymphoma: Commonly occurs in thymus, GI tract, liver, spleen, kidney and rarely mucocutaneous tissue. It is considered a systemic disease.
- Mammary gland cancer: It occurs in mammary glands and is highly metastatic and locally aggressive.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: It may be oral or cutaneous. It is extremely locally aggressive in case of oral and progresses slowly in case of cutaneous.
Soft tissue sarcomas: Occurring in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, it is extremely locally aggressive.
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Dr. yogendra
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